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Personal Color Wheel, Value
Exercise, and Saturation Scale
Objectives
To
introduce the physics behind “pigment theory” (the color system
most familiar to artists).
To
differentiate “Subtractive color mixing: (pigment) from “Additive
color mixing” (light). Introduction to the color wheel.
To
understand and utilize the principle attributes of color; such as
value, hue and saturation.
Project
Overview
At
times, we have all taken color for granted, yet it helps us as humans
to familiarize ourselves with the world. Previously,
color was thought to be an element of philosophy; it was just one way
that human beings related to the
world. The Greek philosopher Aristotle claimed that all colors were
in fact various mixtures of black and white, as
many popular beliefs of color theory came and went throughout
history. As color and color theory became more
complex, color theorist began to design systems to organize color.
James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish physicist came
up with three distinct color characteristics or color attributes:
value, saturation and hue. Later Johannes Itten
introduced The Seven Color Contrast: contrast of hue, light-dark
contrast, cold-warm contrast, complementary
contrast, simultaneous contrast, contrast of saturation, and contrast
of extension.
While
most artists are aware of how to mix pigments in order to achieve
desired color mixtures, few have any idea about
the physics involved. The words used to describe different mixture
system leads to confusion. “Additive” refers
to colored light. “Subtractive” refers to pigment. Even though
you may be physically “adding” pigments together-this
does not mean that you are using the Additive system.
Reading and References for Study
Reading:
Chapters 2 and 3 in Becky Koenig’s Color Workbook . Pages
17-49
Artist:
James Clerk Maxwell
Vocabulary
hue,
primary colors , secondary hues , tertiary hues, complementary colors
, analogous hues , achromatic, chromatic
neutral, value , saturation, tint, shade, color attributes,
subtractive system, physical color materials, and pigment.
Materials
Bristol
vellum, acrylic paints, brushes, paint palette, drawing supplies,
masking tape, ruler, exacto knife, rubber cement,
drawing board.
Process
Preliminary:
Before
coming to class read the discussion Subtractive
Color, Hue, Value, and Saturation
for
Unit II. Also, read the
section on Identity
from
the handouts. Review the Project References above.
Exercise:
Part
1: The Value Scale
1.
On an 11” x 14” inch piece of Bristol vellum make eleven squares
or rectangles (at least ¾” x ¾” in size) in a row. Mix an
eleven-step value scale of achromatic colors.
I would recommend creating the “steps” separately, rather
than drawing an eleven-step outline and then “filling in”
the blanks. By creating each step separately and then gluing it to a
separate sheet, you avoid the frustration of incorrectly
gauging the increments and having to start over.
Your middle gray value should be your center square, as your
gradation of values move from 10% all the way to a 90% gray,
then to black.
2.
Just below this, choose two of the subtractive primary hues: blue,
yellow or red and again make an eleven- step value scale. Begin
with white and end with black.
You should have a total of three, ¾” eleven-step value scales.
Part
2: Saturation
1.
In our color saturation chart, we will be using two complementary
colors to make a scale from each hues highest point of
saturation. You need at least nine steps but you may use up to 12.
We will start with the pure unaltered hue and begin by adding the
complement (a tiny dab of color goes a long way so add in tiny
doses so you don’t get too dark too fast) and a little white (to
avoid the yucky brown color) as we go down the scale.
Part
3: Hue
1.
On an 11” x 14” piece of Bristol vellum, with a pencil
lightly draw a circle with 12 evenly spaced points. This will
serve as a guide for your color wheel.
2.
Define two distinct shapes that represent something that is
fundamentally you. Do you have an interest in science, or
politics, gaming, fiction, comics, etc? What symbols would
you use to identify yourself?
3.
Using these simple symbolic forms make a color wheel that
features the 12 primary, secondary, and tertiary colors. Make
sure that each mixture is at its fullest saturation.
Critique
Questions for Suggestion
1.
How well are colors mixed to show the value-from light to dark?
2.
Are there any jumps in the stepping of the values or intensity in the
charts?
3.
What is the degree of craftsmanship?
Notebook
Checklist
□ Clean and Organized
□ Turned in on Time
□ Clean and Organized
□ Turned in on Time
□ Discussion
Page on Subtractive Color
□ Project
Objectives Page
□ Concept
Page on Identity
□ Vocabulary
□ Vocabulary
□ Research
□ Value
Exercise
□ Personal
Color Wheel
□ Saturation
Scale
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